What is HMPV Virus? Key Details as Cases Rise in China

livewell
January 8, 2025
Noah Bennett

Introduction

In recent months, China has experienced an alarming rise in cases of a new virus, feared to be the COVID-19 comeback after five years. Despite the surface similarities, this outbreak is less worrisome and slightly different, claims medical experts. Furthermore, the cases in China are said to be Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV).

HMPV may result in severe respiratory illnesses among children, the aged, and the immunocompromised population. However, the sudden rise in the number of cases has turned on the searchlights of this virus worldwide.

Here’s a brief overview of HMPV and the recent outbreak of it in China.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is also a kind of respiratory virus, which was first identified in 2001. It is classified in the family called Paramyxoviridae: other members of the family include the viruses that cause measles and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Additionally, HMPV usually inflicts respiratory distress in an individual with symptoms varying from mild cold to severe respiratory infections.

Who is More Susceptible?

Infections caused by HMPV are not exclusive to a certain group of people, as they can affect everyone. However, infections caused by HMPV virus are more prevalent in people belonging to the following classifications:

Breastfeeding infants and toddlers
People who are older than 65
Patients with certain conditions that impact the functioning of the immune system

The infection can, in advanced stages, give rise to pleuropneumonia or bronchitis and may also require hospitalization in high-risk cases.

HMPV Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of HMPV appear to be similar to those of other respiratory infections and can be identified as:

Fever
Cough
Blocked Nostrils
Shortness of Breath
Fatigue
Wheezy Breathing

After the virus enters the body, the symptoms appear between 3-6 days and can stay in the body for 2 to 14 days. While most cases remain mild, people with existing health conditions can develop serious infections.

The Outbreak in China

In recent months, China has been in the news because of the HMPV outbreak. They reported over a thousand new cases when compared to the previous 19 months. Furthermore, the outbreak has been most concerning in urban areas, as these places are bustling with people and the virus can spread rapidly through contact.

In a report from the local health authorities, they mentioned how there has been a surge in hospital admissions relating to HMPV. These were predominantly seen among aged patients as well as children. This also correlates with the winter, which is traditionally known to be a season where respiratory disease is more prevalent.

HMPV: Modes of Transmission

The transmission of human metapneumovirus can transmit or spread through:

Direct contact with respiratory secretions of an infected person
Contaminated sheets and wear attire
Close contact with the sick

To alleviate the consequences of the outbreak, Public Health authorities recommend adequate preventive measures including social distancing.

Preventive Measures

Currently, there is no HMPV vaccine or specific antiviral treatment. Yet several steps can be taken to mitigate HMPV infections:

Maintain Hygiene

It’s vital to observe regular handwashing using soap or water.

Contact Avoidance

Maintain a safe distance from sick people and avoid congested areas if possible.

Disinfect Surfaces

Wipe and sanitize all the surfaces and objects that are frequently in use by people.

Wear Masks

If the virus starts to spread rapidly, ensure to wear masks when in public areas.

Global Implications

China’s HMPV outbreak draws attention to the critical need for effective surveillance systems to guide actions to look or respond to new respiratory viruses such as HMPV or Emerging SARS-CoV-2.

In the context of international movement and trade, such potential transmission can not be ruled out in other jurisdictions. Health systems in all countries must be on the alert and proactively responsive.

End Note

The HMPV outbreak in China is a reminder that respiratory viruses continue to be a significant threat to health. It should be noted that the virus is not new. However, due to its ability to inflict serious disease in certain groups, the public should be educated on how to mitigate its consequences through preventive measures.

Moreover, people should take healthy practices and stay updated through channels to treat the virus disease. Hence, in this way, we can reduce the spread of the virus.